The problem works out to a set of three equations:
b + c + d = 22
a + c + e = 22
a + b + c + d + e = 30

Solving for c = 14, leaving d = 8 – b and e = 8 – a. In other words, c must be 14, but the other two numbers just have to add up to 8. The requirement that they be unique rules out 4 + 4, so you’re left to choose from the following combations for b + d and a + e:
0 + 8
1 + 7
2 + 6
3 + 5

They were all invented by women.

A variation of this brain teaser includes laser printers (they were invented by Gary Starkweather) and bulletproof vests (invented by Casimir Zeglen using silk, though modern vests use Kevlar, so it’s halfway right).

The tree is in the middle of the road as measured by length, not in the middle of it by width. In other words, the tree is growing on the side of the road, but it is equidistant from either end of the road, and therefore in the middle.

This makes it quite easy to pass the tree as you just drive on the road, unless you’re texting and you run into said tree. If this is the case, stop texting.

Thanks to everyone’s input on this one!

Four. If the apples are A, B, and C, it’s possible that you could take out one A, one B and one C with three apples, but the fourth apple must be one of the three kinds.

Tiffany. The rest of the family’s names start with solfège syllables: Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La. The last syllable is Ti, for Tiffany.

They are triplets.