They are the origins of the names of each day of the week.
Sunday – Sun day. Monday – Moon day. Tuesday – Tiw’s or Týr’s day, the god of single combat, son of Odin. Wednesday – Woden’s or Odin’s day, god of poetry and of the dead. Thursday – Thor’s day, god of thunder, son of Odin. Friday – Frigg’s day, goddess of the clouds, wife of Odin. Saturday – Saturn’s day, god of fertility and agriculture.
I have seven letters and am something you eat. My only anagram can help your pain. If you remove my first 2 letters I wear things down. Removing my first 3 letters is an adjective and removing my first 4 letters leaves a measure of time.
Sausage. You eat sausage, assuage is the only single-word anagram and provides relief from pain. Usage wears things down, sage is an adjective and age is a measure of time.
Sequoia, eulogia or miaoued are all good options, but there’s an even shorter (and more obscure) word with all the vowels and not a single consonant: Iouea. It’s not the kind of word you’d use at the dinner table, but it’s listed in the Wikipedia dictionary as a genus of Cretaceous fossil sponges.
If you got really tricky and tried to find a word that contained the letters in the phrase ‘all of the vowels’, you probably found, like I did, that there isn’t one. But it was still worth checking.